Electrical Mirror

Analysis of Electrical Power Systems

21 Feb 2020

Data recorded over the past years show that short circuits have been the major cause(almost 85%)of fire incidents in industries and households alike.

Problem:

Can you Guess, why? Although some people buy quality equipment, yet they don’t maintain them, leading to deterioration in the quality of wire coverings, It has been noticed that overloading electrical circuits leading overheating of the wires causingdamaged insulation resulting into short circuits,

Solution:

Always use proper sizing of Electrical Equipment as below

Total Load in Circuit (Operational Current in A)

≥

Wire/Cable Current Capacity (Current in A)

≤

Circuit Breaker or Fuse Wire (Current Rating)

Most of people use

What?	Small Installations (1Ø), Repairing Activities	Bigger Installations (3Ø)	Design, Selection Guidance	To Verify Existing Installation Health	Selection Guide
Who?	Certified Electricians	Licensed Contractor	Licensed Consultant	Energy Auditor	Internet or Local Stores
When?	Whenever Required or At least once in 6 Months	Whenever Required or At least Monthly	Planning	Every 2 Years	Whenever planning to buy

An analysis of an electrical power system may uncover energy waste, fire hazards, and equipmentfailure. Facility /energy managers increasingly find that reliability-centered maintenancecan save money, energy, and downtime

TROUBLE SHOOTING OF ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS
System Problem	Common Causes	Possible Effects	Solutions
Voltage imbalance among the 3Ø	Improper Transformer Tap settings, 1Øloads not balanced among the phases, Poor Connections, Bad Conductors, Transformer Grounds or Faults	Motor Vibrations Premature motor Failure 5% imbalance causes 40% increase in Motor Losses	Balance Loads among the phases
Voltage Deviations from Rated Voltages (Too Low or Too High)	Improper Transformer Settings Incorrect Selection of Motors	Over Voltage in Motors reduces Efficiency, Power Factor & Equipment Life Increased Temperature	Correct Transformer Settings Motor Ratings & Motor Input Voltages
Poor Connections in distribution or at connected loads	Loose Busbar Connections Loose Cable Connections corroded connections poorcrimps, loose or worncontactors	Produces heat causesfailure at connection site leads to voltage drops andvoltage imbalances	Use Infra Red camerato locate hot-spotsand correct.
Undersized conductors.	Facilities expanding beyondoriginal designs poor powerFactors	Voltage drop Energywaste.	Reduce the load byconservation loadscheduling
Insulation leakage	Degradation over time dueto extreme temperatures,abrasion, moisture&chemicals	May leak to ground or toanother phase Variableenergy waste.	Replace conductorsor Insulators
Low Power Factor	Inductive loads such asmotors, transformers, andlighting ballastsNon-linear loads, such asmost electronic loads.	Reduces current-carryingcapacity of wiring voltageregulation effectiveness Equipment life	Add capacitors tocounteract reactiveloads.
Harmonics (Non Sinosoidal voltage and/or current wave forms	Office-electronics, UPS Variablefrequency drives(VFD) High intensity dischargelighting, Electronicand core-coil ballasts.	Over-heating of neutralconductors, motors,transformers, switch gear. Voltage drop, low powerfactors, Reduced capacity.	Take care withequipment selection Isolate sensitiveelectronics from noisycircuits

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